Architecture of a Digital Audio Workstation

Architecture of a Digital Audio Workstation Introduction A digital audio workstation (DAW) is an electronic tool, or program/software designed around the production of audio recording, editing post-production etc and often even video files. This tutorial will focus on illustrated components from FL Studio 12. A DAW can be broken down into three main components†¦. Recording audio from analogue and other sound sources Editing that audio with a variety of effects and plugins Exporting a project into an audio file (mp3, wav, flac, etc) Inputs and Outputs As touched up upon in my guide about the processes and components of a studio recording, in order to record audio, you need an ADC, and DAC in the form of a microphone or other sound source, when you connect the hardware up and boot the software, you will have to tell the DAW where it is recording audio from when starting a new project. This is where the mixer, and auxes/buses come in. What is an aux/bus? A bus is a connection of many different inputs/signals, and sending however much of the signal you want to another track, such as an aux. This is particularly useful for if you have found yourself creating a particular complex project. If you had for example eight drum tracks, it could be difficult to manage them all individually, so you can send them as a bus to an aux track for further editing to the mix. An auxiliary track on the other hand, is an actual track that can be manipulated. The aux track is the result of where your inputs have been routes, and is where you would process it with effects, such as reverb, compression or delay. Think of the aux as a sub-master track for these effects. The Interface The main elements you will come to use on the interface are the channel rack, piano roll, mixer, timeline. Most of this is commonplace to other DAWs, with minor differences to plugin usage. The mixer is very similar to a mixing desk. Here you can route channels to an insert (one of the many columns to the left), once a channel is routed to here, you can begin to add effects such as reverb, panning, equalization (EQ) and also record and add effects to audio in real time from microphones and other sound sources. In a typical studio setup, a physical mixing desk will interact directly, combined with automation, allows for a lot of interaction with each component. The piano roll allows you to essentially draw MIDI. It communicates with plugins that have a sound bank, such as Image-Lines Harmor, or Sakura to play the notes that you draw. You can also connect a MIDI controller, record what you play, and quantise to clear up imperfections. Various DAWs also feature a timeline where the body of your music is presented. In FL Studio 12, it is presented in the playlist, where you paint in patterns think a pattern for a drum loop, or certain parts of the song that occur more than once throughout a track. On a DAW such as Pro Tools, most of the editing is accessed via the timeline itself, granting easy access to plugins. Exporting your project When you are satisfied with a project, it is important to know your options when ready to convert the project into an audio file, which may determine the overall quality of your track When exporting a track, think how you would like that to be distributed. The .mp3 is the most common file type. Exporting at this quality usually ranges from 192kbps to 320kbps, the lower this value, the lower the overall quality, though the smaller the file size. Various places, such as Bandcamp allow for people to download your track in any format that works for them, in cases like this, .WAV, or .FLAC might be most appropriate file type, as these are types of Iossless compression retains more of the raw audio data, no loss of quality, compared to the lossy compression using .mp3 which attempts to remove data that your ears cannot normally cannot hear. Conclusion Hopefully you have been able to learn more about the interface of a DAW, while my preference is for FL Studio, there are many other popular DAWs like Pro Tools, Logic Pro and Cubase. When working with a DAW, I like to see it as a playpark, a place you can be as creative as you wish, there is no wrong way to make music, though being armed with the knowledge to start, will make the process much more enjoyable, and feel more natural. Sources http://www.signaturesound.com/recording-review-using-auxes-and-buses/ https://www.lynda.com/Ableton-Live-tutorials/What-digital-audio-workstation/120600/131990-4.html https://www.image-line.com/support/FLHelp/ http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/eq/

In Search of How People Change

How people intentionally change addictive behaviors with and without treatment is not well understood by behavioral scientists. This article summarizes research on self-initiated and professionally facilitated change of addictive behaviors using the key transtheoretical constructs of stages and processes of change. Modification of addictive behaviors involves progression through five stages—precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance—and individuals typically recycle through these stages several times before termination of the addiction. Multiple studies provide strong support for these tages as well as for a finite and common set of change processes used to progress through the stages. Research to date supports a transtheoretical model of change that systematically integrates the stages with processes of change from diverse theories of psychotherapy.REFERENCES Abrams, D. B. , Follicle, M. J. , & Biener, L. (1988, November). Individual versus g roup self-help smoking cessation at the workplace: Initial impact and 12-month outcomes. In T. Glynn (Chair), Four National Cancer Institute-funded self-help smoking cessation trials: Interim results and emerging patterns. Symposium conducted at the annual eeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New York. Beitman, B. D. (1986).

Globalization in the Music industry Essay

The music industry has been around for over two centuries (PBS). Its volatility can be measured by its ability to shift and change according to its time period, the technologies that arise through the ages and the public’s shift in musical taste. The music industry is comprised of many different components, organizations and individuals that operate within it. Some of these components include the artists who compose the music themselves, the producers that engineer the sounds created by the artists, the companies that handle distribution and promotion of the recorded music, the broadcasters of the music such as radio stations, and professionals who assist the artists to further and better their livelihoods, such as lawyers and managers. All of these components work in cohesion to compose what is the larger industry of music. In order to fully understand how the music industry has survived and changed in the face of obstacles, one must look at its short history. The music industry only really started to emerge in the 19th century when sheet music began to be printed and distributed. People did not listen to recorded music until 1877 when Thomas Edison invented the original phonograph, so instead they would buy sheet music and play the music for themselves. Over the next century technologies were invented that streamlined the recording and listening of music such as creation of records, jukeboxes and the household radio. Mass production techniques were invented at the turn of the century that allowed music listening to become a regular past time, which propelled the profits of the music industry. Household music listening soon became adopted worldwide and thus shaped the industry that we know today. Globalization has both benefited and plagued the modern music industry. It has allowed for the worldwide spread of music globally through technological breakthroughs such as radio and more modern technologies such as digital distribution. Contrary to this, these modern technologies have also led to some of the greatest downfalls of the music industry, almost crippling it permanently. Recording labels have been forced  to completely remodel they’re respective business models in order to adapt to the advent of the digital music era. The sector has benefited from globalization in more than one way. For instance, these days, it is so easy to find share and listen to music, anyone with a computer can have access to listen and buy music. Also because of the rise of the Internet, artists aren’t confined to national boundaries. Music these days transcends borders (Bloomberg). In the case of Justin Bieber, a Canadian whose music is recognized and accepted widely by the youth of the world, has fans spreading continents all because listening to his music just requires looking up a song name on Youtube. The rise of digital technology and the Internet allows for the industry to bring together the world by finding communalities in musical taste with mass positive reception for an artist and the music he or she creates. No matter if a person is from Egypt or Tha iland, that person can access and enjoy the music of any artist he or she desires. Although the music industry has benefitted from globalization, most of its pitfalls have arisen from the same source that is globalization. The rise of digital technology and the Internet has bankrupt many of the music industries biggest names. A prime example of this is court ordered liquidation of Richard Branson’s 26 Virgin Megastores closings in France due to the rise of online music retailing such as Apple’s Itunes music store, which led to Virgin France’s bankruptcy in 2013 (BBC). Another fatal blow to the music industries crippled foundation was the rise of online piracy. As easy as it is to go online and buy or stream music, it is just as easy to steal it. There are thousands of websites dedicated to music piracy. Although music piracy has been on the decline in the past couple years, still about 11 percent of people using the Internet admit to downloading music illegally (Bloomberg). Over the past decade, the use of CDs has been replaced with online streaming and retailing. This has eliminated much of the record companies revenues as they were used to making most of their profit off of distribution and promotion of physical copies of artists albums (Niemen). This has caused for a major shift and remodeling of major players in the music industries business models. Companies such Sony, Warner Music Group and Universal Music Group have started to completely rethink the way they conduct business (Forbes). In the past record labels were not only responsible for production, distribution and promotion of an artist and  his/her music, but they also acted as a bank (Forbes), funding the artists tours and recording sessions. Recently, these music giants have been moving towards becoming more of a modular network organization. What this means is that they are less occupied with the nitty gritty, and more focused on what they do best which is distribution and promotion. Th is also allows for more freedom of creativity for the artist as well as fairer split of profits (Forbes). This adaption of new business models clearly shows the versatility of the music industry in adapting to new times and technologies. One can only speculate the future of the music industry. As aforementioned, the music industry is in constant flux, changing shape and adapting to new trends and innovations. If the music industry can survive the blows dealt by the rise of the digital era, than in my opinion, it can withstand whatever test time delivers. Hopefully, as the future of music and globalization proceeds, we will see a convergence between the music industry, artists and consumers that will benefit all parties. Globalization has the power to ruin industries or propel them to heights unseen. In the case of the music industry, although it has been affected negatively in the past, recent data shows that for the first time in years, the music industry has seen growth due to globalization and the widespread popularity of the artist Adele (Bloomberg). This proves that something positive can be found in every negative experience, especially in regards to globalization and the music industry. Sources: Lin, Cheng-Yi (2014). The Evolution of Taipei’s Music Industry: Cluster and Network Dynamics in the Innovation Practices of the Music Industry. Vol. 51 Issue 2, p335-354. Percival, J. Mark (2011). Music Radio and the Record Industry: Songs, Sounds, and Power. Popular Music & Society. Vol. 34 Issue 4, p455-473. 19p. GÃÅ"NDÃÅ"Z, UÄŸur (2012). Digital Music Format Mp3 as a New Communications Technology and the Future of the Music Industry. Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies. Vol. 4 Issue 7, p202-207. Ian Ginsberg. (2010). Music Lessons Lessons Inform Photojournalism’s Future. â€Å"The record business died as the digital music business was born. Photojournalism finds itself at a similar juncture now.† Retrieved from http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reports/article/102116/Music-Lessons-Inform-Photojournalisms-Future.aspx Schweizer, Kristen (2013). Music Industry Grows First Time in a Decade on Digital Adele. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-26/digital-music-with-adele-helps-record-industry-return-to-growth.html Plà ¡cido Domingo (2012). Digital Music Report 2012. A digital world that rewards artists and creators. Retrieved from http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/DMR2012.pdf Plummer, Robert (2013). French Mourn Virgins â€Å"Funeral March.† Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/business-20944909 Neilsen Soundscan (2011) The Nielsen Company & Billboard’s 2011 Music Industry Report. Retrieved from http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120105005547/en/Nielsen-Company-Billboard%E2%80%99s-2011-Music-Industry-Report#.Ux6BImTwLzQ Taintor, Callie (2004) Chronology: Technology and the Music Industry. â€Å"An examination of some of the technological milestones of recorded music.† Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/music/inside/cron.html Owsinski, Bobby (2014). 50 Cent’s The Latest To Exploit The Music Industry’s Newest Business Model. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbyowsinski/2014/03/04/50-cent-the-latest-to-exploit-the-music-industrys-newest-business-model/

Factors Influencing A Person s Political Views - 1340 Words

Self-Evaluation A lot of factor influences a person’s political views. A person is influenced by a lot of things that make them able to take the political stance at a point of life. As an individual, he walks through the pace of long life to understand the values and beliefs that he has been hearing since childhood. Sometimes it is really hard for one to decide what political party he wants to support, at that time he can take the suggestion from his family, friends, media and online quizzes. The process through which a person develops political beliefs and opinions that influence their behavior in social spheres is known as political socialization. It is the way in which a person gets his attitude and belief about politics. Political†¦show more content†¦Political ideology is a more or less consistent set of views as to the policies the government ought to pursue. People around the world, at some point, obtain a political ideology in their lifetime. American politics functions largely in the middle of the political spectrum as a contest between liberals and conservatives. Liberals believe the government has an important place both as a regulator in the public interest and to assist those with lower incomes. On the other hand, they still oppose government intervention in matters of personal autonomy. Conservatives feel there is too much government interference, particularly at the federal level, in the economy. This belief translates into calls for lower taxes, r educed spending on social programs, and deregulation. Perhaps because most Americans see themselves as moderates, politicians find it difficult to stay within the ideological boundaries of liberalism or conservatism. Many stress their credentials as fiscal conservatives while taking liberal positions on social issues. Others take a populist line, embracing active governmental intervention in both economic and cultural spheres. Upon taking the online quiz, the website told me that I was 82% social democrat, 52% conservative, 50% libertarian, 48% fascist or radical right and 48% communist or radical left. Overall, I was a liberal who believe in the role of government to fightShow MoreRelatedReligion And Politics : The Dwindling Of Secularism993 Words   |  4 Pagesis a personal ideology while politics embodies a rational, collective process. Good politics are policy oriented and not concerned with external factors related to politicians and their personal lives. Contemporary politic s do not hold the same political legitimacy that it intended to have at the founding, and increasing religious activism in the political process is a large contributor to the corresponding decline. Policy and religion have different ends. 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The History And How Of Computers - 915 Words

The History and How of Computers Everything you do on a computer or phone is meticulously programmed. Surfing the web requires HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery, and PHP. Lines upon lines written such as â€Å"$temp = password_hash($object-password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT);†. The binary zeros and ones of machine code turn into video games, websites, and programs such as what you are using right now to read this. The age of information was brought forth by the ability to access all known information and share new knowledge. The unsung founders of the age of information are programmers that created the links between peers that we now call the World Wide Web. In the past 200 years, a computer has gone from reading punch cards to running simulations on how the universe was created. In the beginning, there was Jacquard. Joseph-Marie Jacquard was an inventor in France between the 18th and 19th centuries. 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Shanghai Girls - Book Review - 2407 Words

SHANGHAI GIRLS, BY LISA SEE BOOK REVIEW I. INTRODUCTION A. Review Lisa See is an American writer and novelist born in 1955 in Paris, and grew up in the Chinatown section of Los Angeles. Her great-grandfather left his village in China to immigrate in Los Angeles at the beginning of the last century. Although she is only 1/8 Chinese, she spent he childhood in the Chinatown of Los Angeles, and her familial background has given her roots in Chinese culture and has had a great impact on her life and work. See is the author of the critically acclaimed international bestseller, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan; Peony in Love; Flower Net (an Edgar Award nominee); The Interior; and Dragon Bones, as well as the critically acclaimed†¦show more content†¦Providing the two heroines with strong and engaging personalities, the novel portrays the life of two young Chinese girls, who because of historical events and family secrets, have to grow up faster than what they had planned. The book delivers emotional themes that are powerful yet familiar, and is written in a compelling manner. Shanghai Girls is a work of historical fiction, and apart from the well-known people, events and settings that figure into the narrative, all names, characters, places and incidents are the products of the author’s imagination. The work is clearly filled with research, yet has a nice balance between history and the story line. Lisa See grew up in L.A’s Chinatown, with her Chinese grandparents living and working there, and she was taught the Chinese traditions throughout her life. A lot of her novels take place in China and/or deal with China. The book being a fiction and according to the author’s familial background, she might approach the topic here as a way for her to carry her family history, people and places with her forever. Many issues are addressed in Shanghai Girls. 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The Glass Castle free essay sample

Jeannette Walls’ memoir, The Glass Castle, gives a vivid description of what life is like growing up in a poor family where parental negligence and limited supervision is common. Walls grows up with a high tolerance for hard times and bravery that is unmatched. Her self-sufficiency and education helped Walls escape her difficult childhood and poor family life growing up. Walls’ memoir clearly refutes the statement made in The Great Gatsby by Daisy Buchanan that the best thing a girl can be in this world, [is] a beautiful, little fool† (Fitzgerald 17). In Walls’ eyes, the best thing a girl can be is strong, motivated, and, most importantly, educated. Throughout The Glass Castle, Walls uses anecdotes, figurative language, and a repetition of words that proves her stance is one that plainly contradicts Daisy’s statement about what furthers the life of women. First, Jeannette Walls uses an anecdote in The Glass Castle that displays how education is what allowed her to further herself in society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Glass Castle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the beginning of the novel, Walls tells stories about how her parents, especially her dad, had taught her how to read before grade school and made everything more difficult so that she would be smarter than the rest of the children. She mentioned one time when her dad made her use binary numbers to do her math homework and how her teacher did not approve. When Walls enters high school, she uses an anecdote to prove how it was her education that allowed her to go from proofreader of the school paper to editor-in-chief quicker than anyone else had before. Because Walls had been pushed by her parents to be smarter than the other kids, she was able to join the school paper in the seventh grade. To show just how important that was in furthering herself, Walls writes, â€Å"Miss Bivens told me that as far as she could remember, I was the only seventh-grader who’d ever worked for the Wave,† (Walls 203). Walls continues the story by laying out the years before the eleventh grade when she writes, â€Å"That fall, when I was going into the tenth grade, Miss Bivens made me news editor of The Maroon Wave. After working as a proofreader in the seventh grade, I’d started laying out pages in the eighth grade, and in the ninth grade I began reporting and writing articles and taking photographs† (Walls 231). The story ends with Walls writing, â€Å"When I was a junior, Miss Bivens made me editor in chief, though the job was supposed to go to a senior† (Walls 232). This anecdote told by Walls plainly refutes Daisy’s statement about how the only way for a woman to further herself is by her looks because Walls furthered herself through education. Walls is able to move up the chain of command in the school newspaper by using no more than her talent for writing. Next, Jeannette Walls stance can be proven through her figurative language because her life is an example that contradicts Daisy’s statement. Walls never saw herself as being beautiful and she had what her mom called ‘distinctive looks’. To explain this to the reader, Walls writes, My elbows were like flying wedges and my knees like tea saucers† (Walls 200). This simile portrays her as not being that attractive, but Walls is still able to succeed in life and further herself as a woman. When Miss Katona uses prom as a reason for Jeannette to stay in Welch, she writes, â€Å"As for the senior prom, I had about as much chance of getting a date as Dad did of ending corruptions in the unions (Walls 236). This analogy refutes Daisy’s statement again because it shows that Walls is not very attractive, but she is still able to further herself later in life. Her dad explained that â€Å"she already fought the fire once and won † (Walls 15). This personification of fire brings light upon the fact that Jeannette is brave. Her bravery is another thing that allows her to further herself in life because she is not scared to move away from her parents at only seventeen. Since Walls is able to grow up and acquire a college degree and a steady job, her life contradicts Daisy because Jeannette is neither beautiful nor a fool. Lastly, Walls repeats the word ‘mountain goat’ to emphasize that a woman must have a strong will in order to further herself in life. The word is a nickname given to Jeannette by her father, Rex Walls. The nickname refers to her ability to stay focused in the face of danger because, like a mountain goat, she is able to climb mountains without losing her footing, which takes a strong will in order to accomplish. Jeannette writes, â€Å"I never fell down when we were climbing mountains sure footed as a mountain goat, hed always say† (Walls 36). The word is also used to show bravery in Jeannette and how that trait allows her to get away from Welch. Rex explains to Jeannette that â€Å"All you have to do, Mountain Goat, is show old Demon that you’re not afraid† (Walls 36). This is one of the first uses of the word ‘mountain goat’ in The Glass Castle and it puts emphasis on the idea that Jeannette is not afraid of anything. When Jeannette finally finishes college and asks Rex to come to her graduation, he replies, â€Å"I don’t have to see my Mountain Goat grabbing a sheepskin to know she’d got her college degree† (Walls 267). This reveals that after all the hard work and the bravery Jeannette showed, she was able to further herself farther than anyone else in her family ever could. This nickname that Rex gives Jeannette foreshadows her bravery when she has to live apart from her parents and siblings when she is only seventeen. Jeannette Walls usage of anecdotes, figurative language, and a repetition of the word ‘mountain goat’ can be used to prove that her stance on what the best thing a woman can be clearly refutes that of Daisy’s stance from The Great Gatsby. Walls anecdote about becoming editor-in-chief shows that education can also further a woman in life. The idea that Walls is unattractive also refutes Daisy’s statement because Walls was able to further herself without being considered beautiful. Lastly, she uses a repetition of the word ‘mountain goat’ to emphasize that she believes that one of the best things a woman can be is strong-willed and brave. Although Jeannette Walls had a strong argument for what the best thing a woman could be, the best thing for her might not always be the best thing for everyone.