The History And How Of Computers - 915 Words

The History and How of Computers Everything you do on a computer or phone is meticulously programmed. Surfing the web requires HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery, and PHP. Lines upon lines written such as â€Å"$temp = password_hash($object-password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT);†. The binary zeros and ones of machine code turn into video games, websites, and programs such as what you are using right now to read this. The age of information was brought forth by the ability to access all known information and share new knowledge. The unsung founders of the age of information are programmers that created the links between peers that we now call the World Wide Web. In the past 200 years, a computer has gone from reading punch cards to running simulations on how the universe was created. In the beginning, there was Jacquard. Joseph-Marie Jacquard was an inventor in France between the 18th and 19th centuries. His most famous work was the Jacquard loom, which read a punch card in order to weave a ch osen design into cloth. In 1822, Charles Babbage had the idea of a device powered by steam to calculate tables of numbers, although the idea was to be funded by the English government, it never came to be (The Engines). Decades later, in 1890, Herman Hollerith revamped the punch card system in order to calculate the census. Hollerith’s company became what we know as IBM who later paved the way for data storage by floppy discs and hard drives (â€Å"IBM is Founded†). The beginnings of the modern computerShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Recoding Gender : Women s Changing Participation881 Words   |  4 Pagesperception of what many uninformed people may believe, throughout history, women have always contributed greatly to the growth of our society through technology. Regrettably, the success of women has generally only been attributed and recognized through the more stereotypical and traditional roles, such as being a teacher or a nurse. Often underappreciated is the role of women and their significant contribution to the sciences, especially computer sciences. In the book Recoding Gender: Women’s Changing ParticipationRead MoreComputer Fraud And Abuse Act ( Cfaa ) And Cyberbullying Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 15, 2016 INCOMPATIBLE: The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) and Cyberbullying I. Introduction The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) does not cover cyberbullying done via social networking websites and should not be used to prosecute it. Application of the CFAA to cyberbullying prosecutions is inconsistent with the intended scope of the statute and the existing interpretations of its provisions. Practically speaking, nothing in the history of the CFAA suggests that Congress envisionedRead MoreHow Personal Computers Affect Student s Learning Processes Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesAs we moved into the turn of the century, technology like personal computers and tablets have become more accessible and inexpensive. The aim of this research is to inform the public and education institutions on how personal computers affect student’s learning processes in the classroom. Most universities require the access to computers in order to perform task and write assignments. This has manifested in having more computers in a classroom used by the lecturers and students. The mass ive evolutionRead MoreDesktop Operating Systems : Annotated Bibliography1069 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidering the history of operating systems, you must first understand what an operating system is. An operating system is the software that manages a computer’s hardware, resources and provides common services. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer. The operating system tells the computer what to do by controlling system resources, such as, the processor, memory and disk space. The operating system allows the user to work and interact on a computer withoutRead MoreComputers in the 1950s1478 Words   |  6 PagesComputers in the 1950 s People have been in awe of computers since they were first invented. At first scientist said that computers would only be for government usage only. Then when the scientists saw the potential computers had, scientist then predicted that by 1990 computers may one day invade the home of just about ever citizen in the world (History Internet), the scientists were slightly wrong, because by 1990 computers were just beginning to catch on. Then a few years later when scientistsRead MoreComputer Engineering : A Computer1340 Words   |  6 Pages2014 Computer Engineering INTRODUCTION Looking through the various topics of which to write a paper on, I came across computer engineering. For as long as I can remember I have had a fascination with computers. When I was seven years old, I came across a cube shaped object at my grandparent’s house. The object was called a computer, specifically an Apple Emac. My grandpa told me about all the interesting things this computer could preform. From then on, I was fixated on using the computer. EveryRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Technology 1430 Words   |  6 PagesComputers are a magnificent feat of technology. They have grown from simple calculators to machines with many functions and abilities. Computers have become so common that almost every home has at least one computer, and schools find them a good source for information and education for their students (Hafner, Katie, unknown). Computers have created new careers and eliminated others and have left a huge impact on our society. The invention of the comput er has greatly affected the arts, the businessRead More1. Describe What You Did. This Does Not Mean That You Copy1272 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe what you did and how you did it. For the last three days, I’ve devoted 5 hours, or more, per day to studying Chapter 1 in the python book, and studying the other reading material located in the Learning Guide section of CS 1101 week 1. Then, after taking the self-quiz, I recognized what to study in order to pass the test better; I should study all the learning material pertaining to python, and I should study all the material pertaining to the history of computer programming languages. SoRead MoreWhy Did Ibm Decide? Develop The Model 5150?1320 Words   |  6 PagesïÆ'Ëœ Why did IBM decide to develop the Model 5150? Was there a strategic purpose for the company to do so? IBM was already a big name in the market of mini, middle range and mainframe computers. The perspective and promising small computer market, greatly gaining ground due to Apple II and other few, was still a difficult task despite their multi-millionaire efforts. IBM decided to develop the model 5150 on the lines of their first PC model 5100, which was pretty unaffordable for large masses. AppleRead MoreHistory of Computers: 3D Printing1079 Words   |  5 Pages Computers are everywhere, they are in homes, they are at schools, and most of people even carry them around on us everyday. But it was not always like this. As strange as this might sound, there was a time when a single computer would take up an entire room and still not be able to do a fraction of what an iphone can do. So how did people get from a computer taking up an entire room just to do basic things, from being able to do about anything on a small device in peoples pockets? Well, the most

Shanghai Girls - Book Review - 2407 Words

SHANGHAI GIRLS, BY LISA SEE BOOK REVIEW I. INTRODUCTION A. Review Lisa See is an American writer and novelist born in 1955 in Paris, and grew up in the Chinatown section of Los Angeles. Her great-grandfather left his village in China to immigrate in Los Angeles at the beginning of the last century. Although she is only 1/8 Chinese, she spent he childhood in the Chinatown of Los Angeles, and her familial background has given her roots in Chinese culture and has had a great impact on her life and work. See is the author of the critically acclaimed international bestseller, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan; Peony in Love; Flower Net (an Edgar Award nominee); The Interior; and Dragon Bones, as well as the critically acclaimed†¦show more content†¦Providing the two heroines with strong and engaging personalities, the novel portrays the life of two young Chinese girls, who because of historical events and family secrets, have to grow up faster than what they had planned. The book delivers emotional themes that are powerful yet familiar, and is written in a compelling manner. Shanghai Girls is a work of historical fiction, and apart from the well-known people, events and settings that figure into the narrative, all names, characters, places and incidents are the products of the author’s imagination. The work is clearly filled with research, yet has a nice balance between history and the story line. Lisa See grew up in L.A’s Chinatown, with her Chinese grandparents living and working there, and she was taught the Chinese traditions throughout her life. A lot of her novels take place in China and/or deal with China. The book being a fiction and according to the author’s familial background, she might approach the topic here as a way for her to carry her family history, people and places with her forever. Many issues are addressed in Shanghai Girls. The main one is the social and political conditions of Chinese people at the time (1930-50’s) living in the United States, and how difficult it was for them, especially for women, to find their place. Another important issue is the importance of the family, more precisely the role each member plays and how they must obey the patriarch. The bookShow MoreRelatedShanghai Girls - Book Review2414 Words   |  10 PagesSHANGHAI GIRLS, BY LISA SEE BOOK REVIEW I. INTRODUCTION A. Review Lisa See is an American writer and novelist born in 1955 in Paris, and grew up in the Chinatown section of Los Angeles. Her great-grandfather left his village in China to immigrate in Los Angeles at the beginning of the last century. Although she is only 1/8 Chinese, she spent he childhood in the Chinatown of Los Angeles, and her familial background has given her roots in Chinese culture and has had a great impact on her lifeRead MoreIdentity and Belonging in Shanghai Girls and Silver like Dust1263 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will depict how Obaachan in Silver like dust and Pearl in Shanghai Girls defines their identity and belonging during their lives’ journeys. There are different factors that shape Obaachan in Kimi Grants’ novel Silver like dust definition of self. Through the novel Obaachan tries to be a good American citizen even though she is not accepted as one. In their article Minority and Self-Esteem Porter and Washington review the theoretical models of self esteem among Asian American subgroup.Read MoreSexism The Stem, By Alexandria Storm Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization Girls Who Code researched that 74% of middle school girls express interest in STEM careers. However, society s portrayal of women in technology and the environment created is not conductive for women to follow through with their jobs. Technology related activities are seen as unfeminine, and tomboy-like for girls to participate in. This in itself is an obstacle to overcome. Some people may deny the stereotypes, but popular culture says otherwise. Why is it that the gamer girl is eitherRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Comparative Study Of Sbi And Icici Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pageslocal community and society at large.†(Khan and Saxena, 2014). In simple words, CSR means any extra efforts made by management of an organization for the betterment of the society and stakeholders other than their basic functions. 3. Literature Review: Many studies related to Corporate Social Responsibility has been done, which give very useful literature. Apart from conceptual papers, some studies are also been conducted by gathering primary data. Some of accessible related studies are being reviewedRead More British-Chinese Relations in the Nineteenth Century and Alicia Bewicke Littles Novel, A Marriage in China4897 Words   |  20 Pages This metaphor is repeated throughout the novel, most significantly in the portrayal of the relationship Claude has with the concubine, a relationship which is primarily portrayed as a step backward (as retarding progress). Not only is the Chinese girl beneath him in terms of race and status, but also as he later justifies it to Lilian, the practice of keeping concubines is a long tradition in China. Claude vaguely expresses the hope that the custom will be eradicated, just as the polygamy evidencedRead MoreAn Analysis of English-Chinese Subtitle Translating Strategies: Taking Gossip Girl as an Example4351 Words   |  18 PagesAn Analysis of English-Chinese Subtitle Translating Strategies: Taking Gossip Girl as an Example â…  . Introduction A. An overview of the study Subtitle translation studies began with the development of film industry, high technology and globalization. From a tentative start involving somewhat superficial contributions to audiovisual translation in the late 1950s and the early 1960s, followed by a couple of decades of relative lethargy in the 1970s and 1980s, people have entered a period of vigorousRead MoreEducation in the New Powerhouse Economies: Catching Up or Leading the Way?5758 Words   |  24 Pagesas a country leading the way on the educational landscape. Whereas traditional narratives of Chinese students involved rote learning, memorising and cramming for examinations (OECD 2010b), in reality China appears to cast off this stereotype, with Shanghai a shining â€Å"example of innovation† (OECD 2010b:83) In stark contrast, India’s haphazard approach to higher education reform and their inability to use education to ameliorate social difference leave them lagging behind the west. A Brief HistoryRead MoreThe Not-so-Wonderful World of Eurodisney5487 Words   |  22 PagesMary Poppins, and Aladdin, star of the huge moneymaking movie success. A print ad campaign at that time featured Aladdin, Cinderella’s castle, and a little girl being invited to enjoy a â€Å"magic vacation† at the kingdom where â€Å"all dreams come true.† Six new attractions were added in 1994, including the Temple of Peril, Story book Land, and the Nautilus attraction. Donald Duck’s birthday was celebrated on June 9—all in hopes of positioning EuroDisney as the number 1 European destinationRead MoreFashion Icon Fashion Leader2928 Words   |  12 Pagesdistributed to various types of people, then to collect and count the result of the responses. †¢ To analysis the consequence of all the information of both British fashion area and Chinese fashion area, distinguish the main factor of it. Literature Review International aim is fast becoming one of the most popular entry mode strategies for international retail companies when moving into international markets (Burt, 1993; Quinn and Doherty, 2000; Quinn and Alexander, 2002). Though initially slow toRead Moresocial dimension of education2565 Words   |  11 Pageskitchen GOD’S wife† A BOOK REVIEW (‘A BOOK OF AMY TAN†) Prepared by; Maricel B, Dalingay BEED11-C Prepared for; Mr. Rommel Yahin Instructor 1. The author Amy Tan is an American writer whose works explore mother-daughter relationships and what it means to grow up as a first generation Asian American. In 1993, Tan s adaptation of her most popular fiction work, The Joy Luck Club, became a commercially successful. She has written several other books, including The Kitchen God

The Glass Castle free essay sample

Jeannette Walls’ memoir, The Glass Castle, gives a vivid description of what life is like growing up in a poor family where parental negligence and limited supervision is common. Walls grows up with a high tolerance for hard times and bravery that is unmatched. Her self-sufficiency and education helped Walls escape her difficult childhood and poor family life growing up. Walls’ memoir clearly refutes the statement made in The Great Gatsby by Daisy Buchanan that the best thing a girl can be in this world, [is] a beautiful, little fool† (Fitzgerald 17). In Walls’ eyes, the best thing a girl can be is strong, motivated, and, most importantly, educated. Throughout The Glass Castle, Walls uses anecdotes, figurative language, and a repetition of words that proves her stance is one that plainly contradicts Daisy’s statement about what furthers the life of women. First, Jeannette Walls uses an anecdote in The Glass Castle that displays how education is what allowed her to further herself in society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Glass Castle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the beginning of the novel, Walls tells stories about how her parents, especially her dad, had taught her how to read before grade school and made everything more difficult so that she would be smarter than the rest of the children. She mentioned one time when her dad made her use binary numbers to do her math homework and how her teacher did not approve. When Walls enters high school, she uses an anecdote to prove how it was her education that allowed her to go from proofreader of the school paper to editor-in-chief quicker than anyone else had before. Because Walls had been pushed by her parents to be smarter than the other kids, she was able to join the school paper in the seventh grade. To show just how important that was in furthering herself, Walls writes, â€Å"Miss Bivens told me that as far as she could remember, I was the only seventh-grader who’d ever worked for the Wave,† (Walls 203). Walls continues the story by laying out the years before the eleventh grade when she writes, â€Å"That fall, when I was going into the tenth grade, Miss Bivens made me news editor of The Maroon Wave. After working as a proofreader in the seventh grade, I’d started laying out pages in the eighth grade, and in the ninth grade I began reporting and writing articles and taking photographs† (Walls 231). The story ends with Walls writing, â€Å"When I was a junior, Miss Bivens made me editor in chief, though the job was supposed to go to a senior† (Walls 232). This anecdote told by Walls plainly refutes Daisy’s statement about how the only way for a woman to further herself is by her looks because Walls furthered herself through education. Walls is able to move up the chain of command in the school newspaper by using no more than her talent for writing. Next, Jeannette Walls stance can be proven through her figurative language because her life is an example that contradicts Daisy’s statement. Walls never saw herself as being beautiful and she had what her mom called ‘distinctive looks’. To explain this to the reader, Walls writes, My elbows were like flying wedges and my knees like tea saucers† (Walls 200). This simile portrays her as not being that attractive, but Walls is still able to succeed in life and further herself as a woman. When Miss Katona uses prom as a reason for Jeannette to stay in Welch, she writes, â€Å"As for the senior prom, I had about as much chance of getting a date as Dad did of ending corruptions in the unions (Walls 236). This analogy refutes Daisy’s statement again because it shows that Walls is not very attractive, but she is still able to further herself later in life. Her dad explained that â€Å"she already fought the fire once and won † (Walls 15). This personification of fire brings light upon the fact that Jeannette is brave. Her bravery is another thing that allows her to further herself in life because she is not scared to move away from her parents at only seventeen. Since Walls is able to grow up and acquire a college degree and a steady job, her life contradicts Daisy because Jeannette is neither beautiful nor a fool. Lastly, Walls repeats the word ‘mountain goat’ to emphasize that a woman must have a strong will in order to further herself in life. The word is a nickname given to Jeannette by her father, Rex Walls. The nickname refers to her ability to stay focused in the face of danger because, like a mountain goat, she is able to climb mountains without losing her footing, which takes a strong will in order to accomplish. Jeannette writes, â€Å"I never fell down when we were climbing mountains sure footed as a mountain goat, hed always say† (Walls 36). The word is also used to show bravery in Jeannette and how that trait allows her to get away from Welch. Rex explains to Jeannette that â€Å"All you have to do, Mountain Goat, is show old Demon that you’re not afraid† (Walls 36). This is one of the first uses of the word ‘mountain goat’ in The Glass Castle and it puts emphasis on the idea that Jeannette is not afraid of anything. When Jeannette finally finishes college and asks Rex to come to her graduation, he replies, â€Å"I don’t have to see my Mountain Goat grabbing a sheepskin to know she’d got her college degree† (Walls 267). This reveals that after all the hard work and the bravery Jeannette showed, she was able to further herself farther than anyone else in her family ever could. This nickname that Rex gives Jeannette foreshadows her bravery when she has to live apart from her parents and siblings when she is only seventeen. Jeannette Walls usage of anecdotes, figurative language, and a repetition of the word ‘mountain goat’ can be used to prove that her stance on what the best thing a woman can be clearly refutes that of Daisy’s stance from The Great Gatsby. Walls anecdote about becoming editor-in-chief shows that education can also further a woman in life. The idea that Walls is unattractive also refutes Daisy’s statement because Walls was able to further herself without being considered beautiful. Lastly, she uses a repetition of the word ‘mountain goat’ to emphasize that she believes that one of the best things a woman can be is strong-willed and brave. Although Jeannette Walls had a strong argument for what the best thing a woman could be, the best thing for her might not always be the best thing for everyone.

Wastewater Treatment Essays - Sewerage, Environmental Engineering

Wastewater Treatment The reason for me doing this report is because I could not attend class enough to grasp the concept of Wastewater Treatment. This report is an overview of each stage of the treatment of sewage. I have included a diagram of a typical sewage plant. A) Primary Treatment The wastewater that enters a treatment plant contains debris that might clog or damage the pumps and machinery. The material is removed by screens, and is burned or buried. The wastewater then passes through a comminutor (grinder), where all the organic material such as leaves are mushed smaller so that they can be removed later. 1) Grit Chamber Back in the day, long narrow channel-shaped settling tanks, known as grit chambers, were used to remove all the inorganic substances like sand, silt, gravel, and cinders. These chambers were made to allow inorganic particles 0.008 in. or bigger to settle at the bottom while the smaller particles and most of the organic material that remain in suspension pass through. Today, spiral-flow aerated grit chambers with hopper bottoms, or clarifiers with automatic scrapper arms are used. The grit is removed and disposed of as sanitary landfill. Grit build up can reach from 3 to 8 cubic feet per1 million gallons of wastewater. 2) Sedimentation With the grit removed, the wastewater goes into a sedimentation tank, where the organic materials removed. The method of sedimentation can remove about 20 to 40 percent of the biochemical oxygen demand and 40 to 60 percent of the suspended solids. The big boys in the industry use a chemical process known as coagulation and flocculation in the sedimentation tank. I really don't know much about this subject so I'm going to move on. 3) Flotation The alternative to sedimentation is a treatment called flotation, in which air is forced into the wastewater under pressures of 25 to 50 lbs per sq. in. The wastewater, is compressed with air, is then released into an open tank ; there the rising air bubbles cause the suspended solids to rise to the surface, where the are wisked away. Flotation can remove more than 75 percent of the suspended solids. 4) Digestion Digestion is a microbiological process that changes the chemically complex sludge to methane, carbon dioxide, and a harmless fertilizer. The reactions occur in a closed tank or digestor that is oxygen deficient. The transformation happens after a series of reactions. First the solid matter is made soluble by enzymes, then the substance is fermented by a group of acid-producing bacteria, reducing it to simple organic acids such as acetic acid. The organic acids are then resolved to methane and carbon dioxide by bacteria. The sludge that is to thick is heated and added to the digester as many times as possible, where it sits for 10 to 30 days and is decomposed. Digestion reduces organic matter by 45 to 60 percent. 5) Drying The digested sludge is place on sand beds for air drying. Air drying needs dry, warm weather for it to work. Some plants have shelters over the sand beds. Dried sludge in most cases is used as a fertilizer because of the 2 percent nitrogen and 1 percent phosphorus content. B) Secondary Treatment After removing 40 to 60 percent of the suspended solids and 20 to 40 percent of the BOD5 in the primary stage by physical resources, the secondary treatment biologically reduces the organic material that stayed in the liquid stream. Secondary treatment contains keeping and speeding up nature's process of waste disposal. Aerobic bacteria in the oxygen change the organic matter to stable forms such as CO2 , water, nitrates, and phosphates. The new organic material that is made is an indirect result of biological treatment processes, and is removed before the wastewater is dumped into the streams. 1) Trickling Filter In this process, a waste stream is sent over a bed or column of some type of porous medium. A sticky film of microorganisms coats the medium and acts as the removal agent. The organic matter in the waste stream is absorbed by the film and changed to carbon dioxide and water. If the trickling filter step comes before the sedimentation stage it can remove about 85 percent of the BOD entering the plant. 2) Activated Sludge This stage is an aerobic process that adds sticky sludge particles that have millions of of actively growing bacteria stuck together by a gelatinous slime. Organic matter is assimilated by the floc and changed to aerobic output. The reduction of BOD varies between 60 to

Believers Baptism Essay Example

Believers Baptism Essay Example Believers Baptism Paper Believers Baptism Paper All Christians take part in the sacraments, if this is Baptism or the Eucharist. A sacrament is a special visible sign that puts us into contact with God. When people believe in God, they reach out threw words, gestures and through certain forms of celebration. In our daily lives words are the first form of communication; gestures add to these words, almost illustrating what we try to say. Using our words and gestures, we can show God our love and understanding to him with sacraments. Taking part in baptism, commits us to worship Jesus teachings and God. In order us to worship God; we must reach out to him, as he already reaches out to us through the sacraments. The two most widely accepted sacraments are Baptism and the Eucharist; the majority of Christians recognize seven Sacrament. These are Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation, Ordination, Marriage, Penance and the Anointing of the sick. Christians celebrate the sacraments because it makes people become more holy; as it shows the people, how to worship God. The sacraments teach, strengthen and express faith in such a way that we humans can communicate our love and gifts to God through the sacraments. Celebrating the sacraments also brings communities together. Everyone in the community is willing to help with each others problems. This is what the Kingdom of God is; the community itself, working together and worshiping God, within the sacraments. Christians also celebrate sacraments as a way to live like Jesus. Jesus didnt need to be baptised. This shows us that the sacraments bring us closer to God, and to internal life in the kingdom of God. This is why Christians celebrate the sacraments, as we are obliged to live like Jesus as much as we can. Baptism is the sacrament which welcomes us into the Christian community and the Kingdom of God by using everyday substances such as water, oil, a white Garment, Candles and the sign of the cross. Water is a symbolism of our daily life and baptism, we use water for drinking, washing, cooking and life, oil is a symbolism of healing and strength used everyday in heating, healing, pollution and wealth, the white garment is a symbol of purity and light seen everyday in clouds, cleansing-ness and surrender, the candle symbolises light and new life found in fire and guidance, the sign of the cross symbolises the start and end of a prayer and Jesus, this is like the start and end of our lives, in baptism and in death. In the time of Jesus, baptism was taken by adults. As Jesus was baptised as an adult, we should do as much as we can to live in the same way as Jesus. This is what happens in the case in Believers Baptism. They believe that children and infants are not ready to join the Christian community and that they should learn everything about the life and death of Jesus and the scriptures. They also believe that people should be fully sub-merged and the trinity is present, as the gift of the spirit, which belong to the community; but the mortality rate of children and infants were low as there were no effective vaccines for diseases. Eventually mothers wanted their children to be baptised as soon as possible, as infants, because if their children died, they were scared that when they went to heaven their children wouldnt be there with them. This is why Infant baptism is widely popular in the Christian faith. Infant baptism believes that the child and their family should be welcomed at the door; this is a sign of welcoming into the community and their commitment to Gods work in their life. Then both parents and godparents accept their responsibility on the childs mental and spiritual wellbeing. In the ceremony two crosses are made on the childs forehead, one of the oil of catechumen, giving the child strength to cope with difficult times and the oil of chrism, a mixture of olive oil and a perfume of Balsam which signifies the beauty and dignity of a child. Then water is poured over the childs head, showing the washing away of original sin (Belief in the Catholic Church), and rebirth of the childs faith. After this, a candle is lit from the Baptismal candle, this light symbolises the light of Christs teachings, and to help the child to be guided in the Dark times of their life. Finally the sign of the cross is used to signify the presence and belief of the trinity, also to signify that the child is marked by the ultimate Christian symbol. In Marks gospel Jesus was baptised by John the Baptist in the river Jordan. As soon as Jesus came out of the water, he saw heaven opening and the spirit coming down on him like a dove. And a voice came from heaven, you are my own dear Son. I am pleased with you. (Mark1: 10-11). John the Baptist baptised Jesus with water, but Jesus will baptize us with the Holy Spirit. This shows us that When Jesus got baptised, heaven opened and the spirit came down on him like a dove; a voice from heaven said, Youre my own dear son. I am pleased with you. This marked a significant period in his life. This shows us that through word of mouth, there was not much known about Jesus life. John the Baptist knew that Jesus was so great that he was not good enough even to bend down and untie Jesus sandals; This is sceptical as how did John the Baptist know this? It could either be that John the Baptist has heard of Jesus before, and believes that he is the son of God or John the Baptist is the prophet Isaiah and was sent down by God to help Jesus become aware that he is the Messiah. This period followed 40 days and 40 nights in the desert as Jesus was tempted by the Devil. This baptism is unique in the sense that it had certain characteristics that had not been part of the normal ritual of cleansing in 30AD. When Jesus was submerged into the water the entire trinity was present and Gods voice marked not only the approval of what Jesus was doing at the time but also of what is meant for his future, a new understanding and teaching of Gods unconditional love. Jesus baptism was the beginning of his mission on earth carried on by millions daily of Gods work. Jesus baptism marked a significant moment in his life. He showed he approved of Johns baptism, when he allowed John to baptise him in the Jordan. However his baptism was unique, it had certain characteristics that had not been part of the ritual of cleansing. When Jesus was submerged in the water, the entire trinity was present and Gods voice marked not only the approval of what Jesus was doing at the time but also of what it meant for his future, a new life of teaching Gods love. Jesus in his own way was making a personal commitment to God and anticipated that the community gathered at the Jordan and further a field would Listen to Him. Surely you know that you are Gods temple and that Gods Spirit lives in you! So if anyone destroys God temple, God will destroy him. For Gods temple is holy, and you yourselves are his temple. This text, wrote by St. Paul to one of the first groups of Christians, explains that all people should get baptised as we are a body which can hold the Holy Spirit. It is our holy spirit which is a powerful force, i nside us when we get baptised from God which is our strength, our character and courage. It is given to us in two occasions, baptism and confirmation. We then become a full member of the kingdom of God. Baptism is the beginning of a new life and a washing of original sins. In the time of Jesus baptism was a sacrament, which took place in large areas of water like rivers, lakes and seas where Adults where baptised, fully submerged into the water, this is called total submersion, which was only done to adults, because children where known to be too young, but afterwards, centurys ahead infant baptism was introduced as their was a high fatality rate and parents where sacred that their child wouldnt join them in heaven. Baptism is a new birth into a new birth into greater life, the life of God himself. In baptism we become brothers and sisters of Jesus and with him children of God, sharing the life of the blessed trinity. The sacrament of baptism is a celebration of Gods gifts of new life, through which we become members of the family of God. Being christened at baptism involves a call to spend our lives trying to become like Christ; a true follower of his. The sacrament is an assurance that God, who saves us, also gives us his spirit to dwell within us and to teach us how to live. The sacrament itself signifies the bringing of the child/member into the light of faith of the church, they become receivers of grace. Christians belong to each other, as a faith community and belong to God. Baptism signifies our discipleship; becoming like Christ, following in his footsteps. Christian membership of the church means Christians are gods stewards in the world, and have to act on his behalf. Every Christian is called by God. Every Christian is given a vocation to use their life and talents as a member of Gods family. When Jesus told the parable of the talents, he explained that all our actions and how we use our talents will be judged upon in judgement day. This shows us that Christians who belong to the Roman Catholic Church have a choice of three ways in which to carry out the vocation they have received in baptism and confirmation. They can carry out their responsibilities as a single or married lay person; they can choose to join a religious order or congregation, even some men may be called to be a deacon, priest or bishop. Baptism affects our life in many ways, these can be from our behaviour in life to our lifestyles, even the decisions we believe is our own. Baptism is a kind of assurance that God, who saves us, also gives us his spirit to dwell in us, teach us and guide us how to live. Believers in Christ, as full members after adult baptism or after receiving the three sacraments of initiation into the Roman Catholic Church, face decisions about life, behaviour, beliefs, values, morals and face choices on their vocation. Christians who belong into the Roman Catholic tradition have a choice of three ways in which to carry out the vocation they received in both baptism and confirmation; as a single or married lay person, a part of a religious order or to be called as a deacon, priest or bishop. Christians, who belong to the Baptist church, can alternatively become ministers, preachers or lay people. Christians can fulfil their chosen vocation by dedicating their life for God, in teaching and preaching the gospel, being leaders in the church, guiding and supporting people. Lay people apply Christs teachings to the problems of the world. They promote world equality and world peace. This is done mostly through charities like Trocaire, Christian aid and St. Vincent de Paul. These are charities in which everyone can help. These charities are usually set up by someone who feels the need to help the worlds poverty, chastity and obedience. Examples of such people are Martin Luther King, Bob Geldof and Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa, also known as St. Thi ri se of Lisieux; is an example of a contemplative nun who prayed specially for the needs of the church and is now the patron saint of the missions. She was concentrated to God at her profession. At firs, the vows are made for a limited time, like one year; then the final profession is made, to be used forever. Anyone who wishes to be baptised are baptised in their local church; it is a widely celebrated sacrament often celebrated by the community, family and friends of the family. The sacrament of baptism is usually taken as soon as possible at 3 months. The sacrament of baptism starts at the front door; the priest welcomes the candidate at the front door, such as God is welcoming the candidate into the kingdom of God. Then the parents and godparents walk up onto to the alter, the priest then gives the baptismal promises to the godparents or the candidate, who then says I do to accept the promises. These are taken on behalf of the child, to take the responsibility of teaching the Christian faith until the child is confirmed, a full member of the church. The candidate is then given a name, recognised by Christian church, as Jesus said No man should be given a mission, without being asked by their name. The candidate is then given the sign of the cross, a sign that the child belongs to God and Jesus suffered life to save the child, in the oil of Catechumen, a oil used for healing of the body, which helps the candidate to cope with difficult times on their journey of faith; after in which a sign of the cross in applied in the oil of chrism, this oil is used to anoint kings and priests, it is used in baptism to anoint the candidate for a special journey, and that the child is Unique in the eyes of God. The candidate is then brought to the font; in the font is water, a sign of life, cleansing and purity. At the font the baby is dressed in a white garment; while the godparents holds the priest then lights a candle from the light of the pastoral candle, which is given to the parents as a light of Christ, and that Christ will now guide the child to Christian life and to be a light to the world and live like Jesus does, to guide others to the light and the kingdom of God. As the priest then sprinkles holy water from the font, onto the Childs forehead three times, a sign of life, cleansing and purity, while saying I baptise you in the name of the father, the son and the holy spirit. At the end of the sacrament of baptism, the priest goes to the alter and says the rite of baptism to the candidate. The rite of baptism includes a point towards confirmation and first communion, the other sacraments that complete the annotation into the Christian community and the Kingdom of God. The sacrament of Baptism brings out the great respect which is due to human life. Christians may agree about the sanctity of human life when they are present at a joyful occasion like a baptism or confirmation. However, once they have accepted that human life is a holy thing, they have to face great practical problems about preventing new life by conception or abortion, a contrasting point. But it is important to remember that we are subjects of God, and should live as gods wants us and how Jesus showed us to. The quote baptising babies is pointless, is tying to argument that babies are not intellectual enough to become a full member of the kingdom of God, as they do not possess the knowledge of what religion is or the meaning of their church, but I do not agree that baptising babies is pointless. When a baby is introduced into the Kingdom of God, it immediately receives the spirit which will help and guide it to live like Jesus, which is an example of how God wants us all to live. This is what Jesus did for the three years when he was in ministry. Jesus strained to us using the means of teaching that was most common of stories or parables. As Jesus said: To you, the kingdom of god has been given; they may look and look, but see nothing; they may here and hear, but not understand anything; otherwise they might turn to God and be forgiven. (Mark4: 11-12) This shows us that when you are baptised, when you look for the kingdom of God, you can see it and when you hear the message, you understand, but if you dont get baptised into the Kingdom of God you wont see when you look or understand when you hear the kingdom of God; so to be baptised is the key to the Kingdom of God. As infants do not possess the intelligence to understand or to see, the godparents do this for them. The godparents act as the infants eyes and ears, showing the child the parables in a way that they understand. These infants then grow up with these understandings and stories, knowing the difference of right and wrong from a very young age. When adults are baptised they do know what the kingdom of God is, they know what is expected of them and how to spread the word. This is because they where not taught how to live their life as Christians. They are only taught by the gospel and parables, not through understanding of the Kingdom of God. But Jesus was also baptised by John the Baptist, so to live in the footsteps of Jesus almost, expects us to get baptised as adults, but it could also be said that Jesus was baptised at the start of his ministry, this shows that the start of Jesus ministry was like the start of his life. Jesus set an example to get baptised, so does that mean we should get baptised at the start of our life, and to make our life our ministry? I do not believe that Baptising babies is pointless, I believe that we should be baptised at the start, of everything; our lives, our ministry and our commitment to God. I understand that we should commit to our life with help from our parents, grand-parents and God-parents. We should get baptised at as soon as we can, and are willing to accept the mission God calls us upon. We should live our lives as long as we can in the Kingdom of God to serve our father; even if we dont know we are doing at first, but the teaching of Christ will come to us as first nature if we are taught throughout our lives.

New Fingerprint Detection Technology Developed

New Fingerprint Detection Technology Developed In an era of advanced DNA technology, fingerprint evidence may be considered old school forensics, but its not as outdated as some criminals may think. Advanced fingerprinting technology now makes developing, collecting, and identifying fingerprint evidence easier and quicker. In some cases, even trying to wipe fingerprints clean from a crime scene may not work. Not only has the technology for collecting fingerprint evidence improved, but the technology used to match fingerprints to those in the existing database has been significantly improved. Advance Fingerprint Identification Technology In 2011, the FBI launched its Advance Fingerprint Identification Technology (AFIT) system which enhanced fingerprint and latent print processing services. The system increased the accuracy and daily processing capacity of the agency and also improved the systems availability. The AFIT system implemented a new fingerprint matching algorithm which increased the accuracy of fingerprint matching from 92% to more than 99.6%, according to the FBI. During the first five days of operation, AFIT matched more than 900 fingerprints that were not matched using the old system. With AFIT on board, the agency has been able to reduce the number of required manual fingerprint reviews by 90%. Prints From Metal Objects In 2008, scientists at the University of Leicester in Great Britain developed a technique that will enhance fingerprints on metal objects from small shell casings to large machine guns. They found that chemical deposits that form fingerprints have electrical insulating characteristics, which can block electric current even if the fingerprint material is very thin, only nanometers thick. By using electric currents to deposit a colored electro-active film which shows up in the bare regions between the fingerprint deposits, researchers can create a negative image of the print in what is known as an  electrochromic image. According to the Leicester forensic scientists, this method is so sensitive it can even detect fingerprints from metal objects even if they have been wiped off or even washed off with soapy water. Color-Changing Florescent Film Since 2008, Professor Robert Hillman and his Leicester associates have further enhanced their process by adding fluorophore molecules to the film which is sensitive to light and ultra-violet rays. Basically, the fluorescent film gives scientist and extra tool in developing contrasting colors of latent fingerprints - electrochromic and fluorescence. The fluorescent film provides a third color that can be adjusted to develop a high-contrast fingerprint image. Micro-X-Ray Florescence The development of the Leicester process followed a 2005 discovery by University of California scientists working at Los Alamos National Laboratory using micro-X-ray fluorescence, or MXRF, to develop fingerprint imaging. MXRF detects the sodium, potassium and chlorine elements present in salts, as well as many other elements  if they are present in the fingerprints. The elements are detected as a function of their location on a surface, making it possible to see a fingerprint where the salts have been deposited in the patterns of fingerprints, the lines called friction ridges by forensic scientists. MXRF actually detects the sodium, potassium and chlorine elements present in those salts, as well as many other elements, if they are present in the fingerprints. The elements are detected as a function of their location on a surface, making it possible to see a fingerprint where the salts have been deposited in the patterns of fingerprints, the lines called friction ridges by forensic scientists. Noninvasive Procedure The technique has several advantages over traditional fingerprint detection methods that involve treating the suspect area with powders, liquids, or vapors in order to add color to the fingerprint so that it can be easily seen and photographed. Using traditional fingerprint contrast enhancement, it is sometimes difficult to detect fingerprints present on certain substances, such as multicolored backgrounds, fibrous papers and textiles, wood, leather, plastic, adhesives and human skin. The MXRF technique eliminates that problem and is noninvasive, meaning a fingerprint analyzed by the method is left pristine for examination by other methods like DNA extraction. Los Alamos scientist Christopher Worley said MXRF is not a panacea for detecting all fingerprints  since some fingerprints will not contain enough detectable elements to be seen. However, it is envisioned as a viable companion to the use of traditional contrast enhancement techniques at crime scenes, since it does not require any chemical treatment steps, which are not only time consuming  but can permanently alter the evidence. Forensic Science Advances While many advances have been made in the field of forensic DNA evidence, science continues to make progress in the field of fingerprinting development and collection, making it increasing more probably that should a criminal leave  behind any evidence at all at the crime scene, he will be identified. New fingerprint technology has increased the likelihood of investigators developing evidence that will withstand challenges in court.

Criminal Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice System - Essay Example Prison life is not an easy life, prisons are basically made to correct human behavior, but the current conditions of US prisons is very bad and instead of correcting human behavior, prison life further ruins prisoner’s behavior. In US prisons individuals experience loss of freedom of life, they are restricted in jails that are even smaller than the bathroom size of an individuals house. Prisoners are dictated terms according to which they have to live, these terms are not only dictated by the law enforcing agencies or the law enforcing agents, these terms are even dictated by the inmate. If prisoners fail to comply with the guidelines of the inmates who are more powerful, then prisoners have to face various consequences such as sexual harassment and assault. In equal distribution of resources is even a part and parcel of prison life, those prisoners who are not strong enough in muscle power or who do not have enough friends within the prison, they are restricted from getting a ccess to resources that are of high quality and are restricted to use resources that are of meager quality. Security is huge risks within US prison, certain times those people are sentenced who have never committed a crime or who have committed a crime that is quite not serious in nature; these individuals are those who are not connected to the criminal world. These people are treated very badly by the inmates and several times they face beating and bullying at the hands of stronger inmates. War on Drugs War on Drugs is a movement that the United States have pursued since 1914 till today in order to decrease the amount of illegal drug within and outside the nation, they are pursuing this campaign with the aid of the US military forces and other nations who have joined hands with the US for this cause. The main purpose of the initiative is to counter manufacture, supply and usage of illegal drugs that are psychoactive in nature, to achieve this purpose the US has created various poli cies. During President Nixon’s tenure this fight against drugs was recognized as War against Drug Abuse and during His trip to Texas he used the term War on Drug to refer to this initiative under taken by the US. During the period of 2009the director of the organization of